Ultraviolet-activated clamshell hydroxyapatite-substituted palladium in the photoreduction of methyl orange water pollutant

This study focuses on the modification of natural hydroxyapatite (HAp) derived from clamshell by impregnation with palladium (Pd) at different pH in wet precipitation method to produce photoactive green materials for degradation synthetic dyes. It was found that, 10, Pd has been successfully impregnated into HAp lattice Ca/P ratio 1.77 and particle distribution size range 40?470 nm. The resulted band gap Pd/HAp 3.19 eV, as calculated using Tauc?s plot UV-Vis spectroscopy data Pd/HAp. Next, photocatalytic activities were carried out methyl oranges (MO) models water pollutants under UV irradiation. photodegradation efficiency catalyst reached optimum value 41.63%, 48.17%, 43.64% after 120 min continuous irradiation values 8, 11.5 samples, respectively. opens a new paradigm naturally photocatalysts reduction persistent low cost sustainable approach.